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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

toxoplasma infection

Prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma infection – an update in Malaysian pregnant women

January 30, 2020
Chemoh, W., Farhana, M. N. N., Azmi, M. A. N., Lay, K. S., Sawangjaroen, N., Tan, T. C., Chandramathi, S. R., Nissapatorn, V.
Tropical Biomedicine 2019, 36: 694 - 702
Click for abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is capable of causing a zoonotic disease, known as toxoplasmosis. Vertical transmission of T. gondii from the mother to the fetus, during pregnancy may cause severe complications to the developing fetus. This current study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and investigate the associated risk factors of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women (n=219) visiting the antenatal clinic at UMMC. While the elevated level of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies indicates the presence of infection, it fails to differentiate between a past and a recent infection. Thus, the study also demonstrates the usefulness of IgG avidity in validating the timing of infection. The serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA test, and the seropositive samples for both anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies were further evaluated by IgG avidity. The results showed that the overall prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity was 34.7%. Of these, 30.6% (67/219) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody only, 2.3% (5/219) were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM only, and the remaining 1.8% (4/219) was positive for both anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies. All of the pregnant women who were positive for both anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibody were found to have past infection when evaluated by IgG avidity. In this study, Malay ethnicity and the number of existing previous children were significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity (p<0.05). Based on these findings, information and education on the transmission and prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis are very crucial as a public health effort towards a healthier society.

Tagged: diagnosis, pregnat women, risk factors, toxoplasma infection

Reproduction

Screening for Toxoplasma infection before infertility treatment

November 7, 2002
Janitschke, K., Stoffels, G., Schleyer, K., Kentenich, H.
Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 2002; 62: 465-469.
Click for abstract
Purpose: This study will try to give recommendations for an extended serological screening for women with Toxoplasma antibodies and the optimal time frame for conception during sterility treatment. Material and Methods: 964 women consulting an infertility clinic were serologically tested for Toxoplasma antibodies. Patients with Toxoplasma-IgG-antibodies submitted to further testing for Toxoplasma-IgM-antibodies (VIDAS TOXO IgM/bio Merieux). Positive sera for IgM were tested in IgG-Avidity (VIDAS TOXO IgG AVIDITY). Results: Out of all 964 women, 472 (49%) patients were tested positive for Toxoplasma-IgG-antibodies and were further screened for IgM-antibodies. 32 of those 472 women (6.78%) showed IgM-antibodies. Of those 32 women with IgM-positive-antibodies 29 were tested for IgG-Avidity. Low avidity was detected in 7 (24.1%) of 29 women with IgM-antibodies tested for avidity, which may indicate an acute infection. Conclusion: Screening for Toxoplasma infection should be a mandatory part before sterility treatment. An acute primary infection is a risk for the woman as well as the unborn child. Especially for children conceived through assisted reproduction the possibility of a vertical infection must be avoided. Screening for IgG- and IgM-antibodies can be completed with a further testing for IgG-Avidity. The suggested three-step screening procedure (IgG, IgM and IgG-Avidity) can help to minimize the risk of a prenatal Toxoplasma infection.

Tagged: conception, congenital toxoplasmosis, pregnancy, screening, situation, sterility, toxoplasma infection

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