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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

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Possible role of toxoplasmosis in patients with first-episode schizophrenia

October 19, 2010
Tanyuksel, M., Uzun, O., Araz, E., Koru, O., Babur, C.
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2010; 40: 399-404
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Aim: To determine the possible relationship between toxoplasmosis and patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) Materials and methods: Seventy-three subjects with FES (15-54 years old; mean. 23.4 years) and 40 healthy individuals (20-54 years old, mean: 30.3 years) were enrolled in the study Most of the FES patients (90.4%) and the control individuals (95 0%) were male Specific IgG and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the total amount of antibodies was investigated with the Sabin-Feldman dye test (SFDT) Results: Compared to the control individuals, study subjects had significantly more toxoplasmosis-like symptoms and more cats in the household; they were less likely to live in apartments and more likely to live in ground-floor houses They did consume more uncooked meat, unpasteurized goat's milk, and chicken eggs; had more contact with soil; and were living less often in urban areas and more often in rural areas. Serum samples from 32 (43 8%) and 25 (34.2%) of 73 patients with FES were seropositive for T gondii when tested by ELISA IgG and SFDT, respectively Out of 40 serum samples from control subjects, 13 (32 5%) and 15 (37.5%) were found positive for T gondii by ELISA IgG and SFDT, respectively In patients with FES, 17 (68%) out of 25 who were SFDT-positive were also positive by ELISA IgG test, while 15 out of 48 (31 3%) SFDT-negative serums were positive by ELISA IgG In the control group, 11 out of 15 SFDT-positive serum samples (73 3%) were also positive by ELISA IgG test, while 2 out of 25 SFDT-negative serum samples were positive by ELISA IgG Conclusion: The present study shows that toxoplasmosis might be associated with first-episode schizophrenia. More studies are needed to prove the association between T gondii infection and patients suffering from schizophrenia

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Mental health

Serological pattern consistent with infection with type I Toxoplasma gondii in mothers and risk of psychosis among adult offspring

October 26, 2009
Xiao, J.C., Buka, S. L., Cannon, T.D., Suzuki, Y., Viscidi, R.P., Torrey, E. F., Yolken, R. H.
Microbes and Infection 2009; 11: 1011-1018.
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Previous studies have shown that maternal antibodies to Toxoplasma measured during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses in adult offspring Recently. it has been recognized that different genotypes of Toxoplasma have distinct neuropathogenic potential. The objective of this study was to investigate whether parasite genotype is a contributing factor to disease risk. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that use., polymorphic polypeptides specific to the three clonal parasite lineages and derived from three dense granule antigens. GRA5, GRA6 and GRA7. We used this assay to measure type-specific antibodies in the sera from 219 pregnant women whose children developed schizophrenia and affective psychotic illnesses in adult life, and 618 matched unaffected control mothers from three cohorts of the Collaborative Perinatal Project. We found that the offspring of mothers with a serological pattern consistent with Toxoplasma type I infection were at significantly increased risk for the development of psychoses as compared with the matched unaffected control mothers (odds ratio = 1.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.08-3.46; p = 0.03). The risk was particularly elevated for affective psychoses (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 1.67-16 5; p = 0 005). In contrast, we did not find an association between maternal antibodies to other genotypes and risk of psychoses in the offspring These findings suggest in influence of the parasite genotype on increased risk of psychosis and provide further support for a substantive role of Toxoplasma in the etiology of psychosis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS All rights reserved

Tagged: congenital toxoplasmosis, disease, genotype, gra7, immunocompromised patients, maternal exposure, maternal infection, peptide, peptides, psychosis, samples, Schizophrenia, serotyping, strains, toxoplasma gondii type i

Mental health

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