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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

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Evidence of increased exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with recent onset psychosis but not with established schizophrenia

May 4, 2017
Yolken, R., Torrey, E.F., Dickerson, F.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2017; 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006040
Click for abstract
AB A possible role for Toxoplasma gondii in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia is supported by epidemiological studies and animal models of infection. However, recent studies attempting to link Toxoplasma to schizophrenia have yielded mixed results. We performed a nested case-control study measured serological evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in a cohort of 2052 individuals. Within this cohort, a total of 1481 individuals had a psychiatric disorder and 571 of were controls without a psychiatric disorder. We found an increased odds of Toxoplasma exposure in individuals with a recent onset of psychosis (OR 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval 1.4-4.4, p < .003). On the other hand, an increased odds of Toxoplasma exposure was not found in individuals with schizophrenia or other psychiatric disorder who did not have a recent onset of psychosis. By identifying the timing of evaluation as a variable, these findings resolve discrepancies in previous studies and suggest a temporal relationship between Toxoplasma exposure and disease onset.

Tagged: antibodies, association, bipolar disorder, drugs, immunoglobulin-g, infections, metaanalysis, sample

Mental health

The correlation between Toxoplasma gondii infection and prenatal depression in pregnant women

January 4, 2016
Shiadeh, M. N., Rostami, A., Pearce, B. D., Gholipourmalekabadi, M., Newport, D. J., Danesh, M., Mehravar, S., Seyyedtabaei, S. J.
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 2016; 35: 1829-1835
Click for abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that latent toxoplasmosis is associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. We evaluated the correlation between Toxoplasma gondii infection and prenatal depression. In this case-control study, we enrolled 116 depressed pregnant women and 244 healthy controls. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to evaluate the depression symptom severity in study participants. All participants were screened for the anti-Toxoplasma IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence of T. gondii did not significantly differ between the depressed pregnant women and healthy controls (OR = 1.4; 95 % CI = 0.9-2.19; P = 0.142). T. gondii IgG titer was significantly higher in depressed women (18.6 +/- 10.9 IUs) than those in the control group (13.6 +/- 8.1 IUs) (z = -5.36, P < 0.001). The T. gondii-positive depressed women showed a positive correlation of T. gondii IgG titer with the EPDS scores (r = 0.52; P < 0.01). The mean EPDS score was also significantly higher in the T. gondii-positive depressed women (20.7 +/- 2.7) compared with the controls (18.36 +/- 2.7) (P < 0.001). The results obtained from the current study revealed that T. gondii infection might affect susceptibility to depression and severity of depressive symptoms in pregnant women, particularly in those patients who have high antibody titers. Further study is required to fully elucidate the characteristics and mechanisms of this association.

Tagged: bipolar disorder, individuals, metaanalysis, mood disorders, personality, postnatal depression, risk factors, sample, Schizophrenia, seropositivity

Mental health

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