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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

national-health

Viral and parasitic pathogen burden and the association with stroke in a population-based cohort

February 12, 2018
Pearce, B. D.,Bracher, A. , Jones, J. L., Kruszon-Moran, D.
International Journal of Stroke 2018; 13_: 481-495
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Background Higher cumulative burden of viral and bacterial pathogens may increase the risk of stroke, but the contribution of parasitic infections in relation to cumulative pathogen burden and risk of stroke has rarely been examined. Aim To estimate the association of multiple persistent viral and parasitic infections with stroke in a representative sample of adults in the United States. Methods Serological evidence of prior infection was categorized as positive for 0-1, 2, 3, or 4-5 infections based on immunoglobulin G seropositivity to cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Toxocara spp. in 13,904 respondents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Regression analysis was used to estimate the cross-sectional association between serological evidence of prior infection and history of stroke adjusting for demographic risk factors, and potential mediators of stroke. Results Age-adjusted models that included serological evidence of prior infection to cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Toxocara spp. showed that adults in the highest serological evidence of prior infection category (4-5 infections) had a higher prevalence of stroke (5.50%, 95% confidence interval 2.44-10.46%) than those in the lowest serological evidence of prior infection categories (1.49%, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.11%), and a trend test suggested a graded association between serological evidence of prior infection and stroke (p=0.02). In multivariable logistic regression models, the positive association of serological evidence of prior infection with stroke prevalence remained significant after adjustment for other significant risk factors (odds ratio=1.4, p=0.01) but was only significant among those aged 20-59 (odds ratio=2.0, p=0.005) and not among those aged 60-69 (p=0.78) or 70 and older (p=0.43). Conclusion We found support for a connection between serological evidence of prior infection to cytomegalovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Toxocara spp. and stroke among those aged 20-59. There may be a need to consider common parasitic infections in addition to viral and bacterial pathogens when calculating serological evidence of prior infection in relation to cerebrovascular disease.

Tagged: b-virus infection, cytomegalovirus, disease, Epidemiology, helicobacter-pylori, hepatitis virus, infection, national-health, prevention, risk, seroprevalence, toxocara, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasma gondii infection, united-states

Physical health

The association of Toxoplasma gondii infection with neurocognitive deficits in a population-based analysis

October 10, 2014 11 Comments
Pearce, B.D., Kruszon-Moran, D., Jones, J.L.
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 2014; 49: 1001-1010
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To examine the relationship between infection with Toxoplasma gondii (toxo) and cognition. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association of toxo seropositivity with indices of cognitive function among over 4,200 adults in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Toxo-seropositive participants were more likely than seronegative participants to score in the worst quartile of the simple reaction time test (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.0, 1.6), symbol-digit substitution test (SDST, OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.2, 1.9) and the serial-digit learning test (trials to criterion) (SDLTNT, OR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.1, 1.8) in models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender and foreign birth. After further adjustment for all cofactors, the association between toxo seropositivity and these outcomes was no longer significant. However, seropositivity was associated with worse scores on the SDST (OR 2.9, 95 % CI 1.8, 4.8) among those in the lowest income category and the SDLTNT (OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.1, 2.5) among those foreign born. Toxo seropositivity may be associated with poor cognitive test scores in certain subgroups; however, causation cannot be established in this cross-sectional study.

Tagged: behavioral-changes, cognition, cognitive function, infection, kynurenic acid, national-health, neurobehavioral test-performance, neuroimmunology, nhanes-iii, nutrition examination, population-based study, risk factors, survey 3rd, traffic accidents, united-states

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