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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

herpes

Exposure to perinatal infections and bipolar disorder: A systematic review

May 24, 2016
Barichello, T., Badawy, M., Pitcher, M. R., Saigal, P., Generoso, J. S., Goularte, J. A., Simoes, L. R., Quevedo, J., Carvalho, A. F.
Curr Mol Med 2016; 16: 106-118
Click for abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder and a growing global public health issue. Notwithstanding BD has been conceptualized as a neuroprogressive illness, there are some evidences to suggest a role for neurodevelopmental pathways in the patho-etiology of this disorder. Evidences on the associations between perinatal infections and risk for bipolar disorder have been inconsistent across studies. Here, we performed a systematic review of observational studies on the relationship between exposure to perinatal pathogens and bipolar disorder. A computerized literature search of the PubMed, Embase, and PsyINFO databases till January 31st, 2015 was performed. Twenty-three studies ultimately met inclusion criteria. Studies investigated exposure to several pathogens namely Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), Toxoplasma gondii, Influenza, and Varicella zoster virus (VZV). Overall, studies provided mixed evidences. Thus, contrary to schizophrenia, the role of perinatal infections as risk factors for BD remain inconclusive. Larger studies with a prospective design would be necessary to elucidate the role of previous exposure to infectious agents as a potential risk factor for BD.

Tagged: antibodies, bipolar disorder, cerebrospinal fluid, cognitive impairment, cytomegalovirus, herpes, herpes-simplex encephalitis, individuals, influenza, maternal infection, metaanalysis, psychiatric patients, Schizophrenia, systematic review, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasma gondii infection

Mental healthReproductionReviews

Infectious disease burden and cognitive function in young to middle-aged adults

January 4, 2016
Gale, S. D., Erickson, L. D., Berrett, A., Brown, B. L., Hedges, D. W.
Brain Behavior and Immunity 2016, 52: 161-168
Click for abstract
Prior research has suggested an association between exposure to infectious disease and neurocognitive function in humans. While most of these studies have explored individual viral, bacterial, and even parasitic sources of infection, few have considered the potential neurocognitive burden associated with multiple infections. In this study, we utilized publically available data from a large dataset produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that included measures of neurocognitive function, sociodemographic variables, and serum antibody data for several infectious diseases. Specifically, immunoglobulin G antibodies for toxocariasis, toxoplasmosis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C, cytomegalovirus, and herpes 1 and 2 were available in 5662 subjects. We calculated an overall index of infectious-disease burden to determine if an aggregate measure of exposure to infectious disease would be associated with neurocognitive function in adults aged 20-59 years. The index predicted processing speed and learning and memory but not reaction time after controlling for age, sex, race-ethnicity, immigration status, education, and the poverty-to-income ratio. Interactions between the infectious-disease index and some sociodemographic variables were also associated with neurocognitive function. In summary, an index aggregating exposure to several infectious diseases was associated with neurocognitive function in young- to middle-aged adults. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tagged: 3rd national-health, chronic hepatitis-c, cytomegalovirus, cytomegalovirus-infection, hepatitis, herpes, infectious disease, latent toxoplasmosis, neurocognitive function, nhanes, northern-manhattan, nutrition examination survey, risk factors, simplex-virus type-1, toxocariasis, toxoplasma gondii infection, toxoplasmosis, united-states

Cognitive functions

Dementia associated with infectious diseases

October 30, 2005
Almeida OP, Lautenschlager NT
IntPsychogeriatr 2005; 17 Suppl 1:S65-77.: S65-S77
Click for abstract
At the turn of the last century, infectious diseases represented an important cause of health morbidity and behavioral changes. Neurosyphilis, for example, was relatively common at the time and often led to the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. With the advent of effective antibiotic treatment, the association between infectious diseases and dementia became increasingly less frequent, although a resurgence of interest in this area has taken place during the past 15 years with the emergence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). This paper reviews the most frequent infectious causes of dementia, including prion diseases, as well as infections caused by herpes virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), toxoplasmosis, cryptococcus, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, borrelia and cysticercosis.

Tagged: active antiretroviral therapy, aids, alzheimers-disease, central-nervous-system, cognitive impairment, creutzfeldt-jakob-disease, cryptococcal meningitis, general paresis, herpes, hiv, lyme disease, maintenance therapy, neurocysticercosis, prion diseases, syphilis, toxoplasmosis

Mental health

Topics

  • Behavior 105
  • Cognitive functions 64
  • Mental health 439
  • Morphology 6
  • Motor functions 10
  • Personality 36
  • Physical health 134
  • Reproduction 36
  • Reviews 40
  • Sensory functions 3
  • Uncategorized 2

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Recent articles

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  • The role of latent toxoplasmosis in the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia–the risk factor or an indication of a contact with cat? February 6, 2020
  • The Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis February 6, 2020

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