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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

autism spectrum disorders

Can sex ratios at birth be used in the assessment of public health, and in the identification of causes of selected pathologies?

August 31, 2018
James, W. H., Grech, V.
Early Human Development 2018; 118: 15-21
Click for abstract
This paper will consist of two parts. In the first, further support is given to the proposal that offspring sex ratios (proportions male) may usefully be regarded as indicators of public health. In the second, it is shown that sex ratios may help in the identification of the causes and effects of several pathologies that seriously impinge on public health viz. autism, testicular cancer, hepatitis B and toxoplasmosis.

Tagged: autism spectrum disorders, germ-cell tumors, hepatitis-b, in-utero, male life-span, missing women, parental hormone-levels, serum testosterone levels, testicular cancer, toxoplasmagondii

Reproduction

Autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and the microbiome in schizophrenia: more than a gut feeling

January 4, 2016
Severance, E. G., Yolken, R. H., Eaton, W. W.
Schizophrenia Research, 2016, 176 :23-35
Click for abstract
Autoimmunity, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and schizophrenia have been associated with one another for a long time. This paper reviews these connections and provides a context by which multiple risk factors for schizophrenia may be related. Epidemiological studies strongly link schizophrenia with autoimmune disorders including enteropathic celiac disease. Exposure to wheat gluten and bovine milk casein also contribute to non-celiac food sensitivities in susceptible individuals. Co-morbid GI inflammation accompanies humoral immunity to food antigens, occurs early during the course of schizophrenia and appears to be independent from antipsychotic-generated motility effects. This inflammation impacts endothelial barrier permeability and can precipitate translocation of gut bacteria into systemic circulation. Infection by the neurotropic gut pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, will elicit an inflammatory GI environment. Such processes trigger innate immunity, including activation of complement C1q, which also functions at synapses in the brain. The emerging field of microbiome research lies at the center of these interactions with evidence that the abundance and diversity of resident gut microbiota contribute to digestion, inflammation, gut permeability and behavior. Dietary modifications of core bacterial compositions may explain inefficient gluten digestion and how immigrant status in certain situations is a risk factor for schizophrenia. Gut microbiome research in schizophrenia is in its infancy, but data in related fields suggest disease-associated altered phylogenetic compositions. In summary, this review surveys associative and experimental data linking autoimmunity, GI activity and schizophrenia, and proposes that understanding of disrupted biological pathways outside of the brain can lend valuable information regarding pathogeneses of complex, polygenic brain disorders. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tagged: autism spectrum disorders, autoimmunity, central-nervous-system, danish national registers, dtnbp1 dysbindin gene, gluten-free diet, human endogenous retrovirus, immune system, innate immune-response, intestinal, irritable-bowel-syndrome, microbiota, psychiatry, psychosis, recent-onset psychosis, toll-like receptor-4

Physical health

Prenatal exposure to toxoplasmosis and risk for childhood autism

October 6, 2015 55 Comments
Spann, M., Sourander, A., Surcel, H. M., Hinkka-Yli-Salomaki, S., Brown, A.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40: S133-S134
Tagged: autism spectrum disorders, prenatal, toxoplasmosis

Mental health

Topics

  • Behavior 105
  • Cognitive functions 64
  • Mental health 439
  • Morphology 6
  • Motor functions 10
  • Personality 36
  • Physical health 134
  • Reproduction 36
  • Reviews 40
  • Sensory functions 3
  • Uncategorized 2

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Recent articles

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  • The Association between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis February 6, 2020

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