antibodies – Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

The role of latent toxoplasmosis in the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia–the risk factor or an indication of a contact with cat?

February 6, 2020
Yuksel, P., Alpay, N., Babur, C., Bayar, R., Saribas, S., Karakose, A. R., Aksoy, C., Aslan, M., Mehmetali, S., Kilic, S., Balcioglu, I., Hamanca, O., Dirican, A., Kucukbasmaci, O., Oner, A., Torun, M. M., Kocazeybek, B.
Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2010, 57: 121 - 128 Adult Aged Animals Antibodies, Protozoan/blood Case-Control Studies Cats Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Immunoglobulin G/blood Male Middle Aged Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Schizophrenia/*blood/*etiology Toxoplasmosis/blood/*complications/immunology

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

February 4, 2020
Anvari, D., Sharif, M., Sarvi, S., Aghayan, S. A., Gholami, S., Pagheh, A. S., Hosseini, S. A., Saberi, R., Chegeni, T. N., Hosseininejad, Z., Daryani, A.
Microbial Pathogenesis 2019, 129: 30 - 42

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Sero-epidemiological status and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Northern Vietnam

February 1, 2020
Smit, G. S. A., Vu, B. T. L., Do, D. T., Do, Q. H., Pham, H. Q., Speybroeck, N., Devleesschauwer, B., Padalko, E., Roets, E., Dorny, P.
BMC Infectious Diseases 2019, 19 Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy Congenital toxoplasmosis Seroprevalence Risk factors Prevention Vietnam congenital toxoplasmosis gondii seroprevalence antibodies infection events burden igm

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Relationship between toxoplasmosis and obsessive compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

February 1, 2020
Nayeri Chegeni, T., Sarvi, S. Amouei, A. Moosazadeh, M. Hosseininejad, Z. Aghayan, S. A. Daryani, A.
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 19, 13

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Background A few studies investigated the relationship between toxoplasmosis and mental disorders, such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the specific nature of the association between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection and OCD is not yet clear. The aim of this study was to collect information on the relationship between OCD and toxoplasmosis and assess whether patients with toxoplasmosis are prone to OCD. Methods For the purpose of this study, 6 major electronic databases and the Internet search engine Google Scholar were searched for the published articles up to July 30(th), 2018 with no restriction of language. The inverse variance method and the random effect model were used to combine the data. The values of odds ratio (OR) were estimated at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 9 case-control and 3 cross-sectional studies were included in our systematic review. However, 11 of these 12 articles were entered into the meta-analysis containing 9873 participants, out of whom 389 were with OCD (25.96% positive for toxoplasmosis) and 9484 were without OCD (17.12% positive for toxoplasmosis). The estimation of the random effect model indicated a significant common OR of 1.96 [95% CI: 1.32-2.90]. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that toxoplasmosis could be as an associated factor for OCD (OR = 1.96). However, further prospective investigations are highly recommended to illuminate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of T. gondii infection in OCD and to better investigate the relationship between OCD and T. gondii infection. Author summary Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate neurotropic parasite that infected about 25-30% of the total human population in the developed and developing countries. The obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disease that affects the income and quality of life. Some studies confirmed an association between infectious agents as the associated or protective factors specifying the development of psychiatry diseases. Among various pathogens associated with psychological disorders, most of the attention is on T. gondii, which has a life-long asymptomatic latent phase after a short acute stage in healthy individuals. The detrimental effect of T. gondii on immunocompromised people and pregnant women is an important concern for public health. The correlation between toxoplasmosis and OCD is still relatively understudied with a paucity of documented findings. The previous meta-analysis reviewed only two studies and reported a 3.4-fold greater chance of OCD. The results of our study presented stronger evidence of a positive relationship between toxoplasmosis and OCD. Eventually, our research team hopes to present an overview of what is known and encourage more intensive research to determine the real impact of this parasite on the occurrence of OCD that may contribute to the prevention of OCD worldwid

The relationship between pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder and Toxoplasma gondii

February 1, 2020
Memik, N. C., Tamer, G. S., Unver, H., Gundogdu, O. Y.
Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders 2015, 7: 24 - 28

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Toxoplasma gondii – obsessive -compulsive disorder relationship: is it different in children?

February 1, 2020
Miman, O., Ozcan, O., Unal, S., Atambay, M.
Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2019, 72: 501 - 505

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Is there any association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

January 31, 2020
Chegeni, T. N., Sharif, M., Sarvi, S., Moosazadeh, M., Montazeri, M., Aghayan, S. A., Balalami, N. J., Gholami, S., Hosseininejad, Z., Saberi, R., Anvari, D., Gohardehi, S., Daryani, A.
PLoS ONE 2019, 14

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Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular opportunistic parasite that is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. This parasite accounts for mental disorders; however, the relationship between T. gondii infection and depressive disorder is unclear. Regarding this, the present systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the scientific evidence regarding the potential association between major depression disorder (MDD) and Toxoplasma infection. Methods For the purpose of the study, the articles related to the subject of interest were systematically searched in seven electronic databases. Special attention was given to the studies examining T. gondii seropositivity level in depressed patients and controls. Results The search process resulted in the identification of a total of 30 publications meeting the inclusion criteria and published up to April 2018 for the systematic review. Furthermore, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria to be entered into meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis involved the review of cross-sectional studies including 1657 depressed patients and 19565 individuals as controls and case-control studies entailing 1311 depressed cases and 6015 controls without depression. 1582 depressed people participated in cross-sectional studies whose results were reported as odds ratio (OR). In addition, the total number of participants was 15068 in this type of studies. Statistical analysis indicated that the pooled OR of the risk of anti-T. gondii IgG antibody in depressed individuals in case-control and cross-sectional studies was 1.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.39). Conclusions As the findings of the reviewed articles indicated, toxoplasmosis is not a risk factor for MDD. However, it is necessary to perform further research to clarify the detailed association between T. gondii and dysthymia or mild and moderate depression. Furthermore, it is recommended to better investigate the effect of antibody titers on the relationship between depression and T. gondii infection.

Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among psychiatric outpatients attending University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

January 31, 2020
Achaw, B., Tesfa, H., Zeleke, A.J., Worku, L., Addisu, A., Yigzaw, N., Tegegne, Y.
BMC Infectious Diseases 2019, 19 Ethiopia

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BackgroundToxoplasmosis is caused by an obligatory intracellular coccidian protozoan organism, Toxoplasma gondii. It has a worldwide distribution, affecting one-third of the world population. Psychiatric patients have a higher risk of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii infection due to lack of good personal hygiene. The burden of toxoplasmosis among psychiatric patients in Ethiopia has not been studied extensively. Thus, the study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among psychiatric outpatients at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital Psychiatric clinic.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital from February to May 2018. Venous blood was collected from 304 study participants (152 psychiatric outpatients and 152 control groups). Anti-toxoplasma antibodies were determined using Onsite Toxo immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) Rapid Test. A Chi-square test was carried out to compare the two groups and a logistic regression analysis was conducted to check the association between variables. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultsThe seroprevalence rate of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies was 33.6, and 16.4% in the psychiatric outpatients and the control samples, respectively. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgM sero-prevalence was 1.3% in the former patients and 3.9% in the latter group. Owing cat (AOR=2.862 95% CI=1.445-5.666 P=0.003), cleaning cat excreta (AOR=2.966 95% CI=1.317-2.652 P=0.007), and farming (AOR=2.058 95% CI=1.018-4.163 P=0.045) were found to be significantly associated with the sero-prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody.ConclusionsThis study highlighted that, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies was significantly higher in psychiatric outpatients than the control group (p=0.001). Cat ownership, cleaning of cat excreta, and farming were found to be statistically significantly associated with the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody.

The association between Toxoplasma and the psychosis continuum in a general population setting

September 4, 2018
Lindgren, M., Torniainen-Holm, M., Harkanen, T., Dickerson, F., Yolken, R. H., Suvisaari, J.
Schizophrenia Research 2018; 193: 329-335

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Toxoplasma gondii as a possible causative pathogen of type-1 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from case-control and experimental studies

September 3, 2018
Beshay, E. V. N., El-Refai, S. A., Helwa, M. A., Atia, A. F., Dawoud, M. M.
Experimental Parasitology 2018; 188: 93-101

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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative parasite of an important worldwide disease. This obligate intracellular parasite can infect and replicate inside any nucleated cells including those of pancreas. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas and is responsible for controlling blood glucose concentration. Deficiency of insulin production accounts for the occurrence of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Thus, theoretically, toxoplasmosis could play a possible role in the development of T1D. However, the studies on this theory are still insufficient; therefore, this work was designed. Interestingly, in the case-control study, seropositivity of anti-Toxoplasma IgG was significantly higher among T1D (86.37%) in comparison with T2D (66.67%) and the control group (60%). Moreover, the odd ratio of chronic toxoplasmosis was 4.2 folds higher among T1D patients than among controls. The experimental study included acute and chronic Me49 T gondii infected mice groups in addition to a control group. Pathological examination revealed the presence of T gondii zoites adjacent to the islets of Langerhans and in pancreatic parenchyma of acutely infected mice. With chronic infection, there was a significant reduction of islets number and sizes in association with grade-1 insulitis. Additionally, the immunohistochemical study showed significant infiltration of the islets of chronically infected mice by CD8(+) and CD45(+) immune cells. In contrary to the control group, the islets of the chronic group showed significantly higher expression of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and a significantly lower expression of the proliferation marker Ki69. Finally, a significant reduction of insulin expression in the islets of chronic infection group was detected in association with a significant increase in serum glucose concentrations; however, the establishment of diabetes did not occur throughout this work. Thus, this study presents an evidence for the probable role of chronic toxoplasmosis in the development of T1D which should be considered in further studies

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in diabetic patients in Makkah AL Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia

September 3, 2018
Khalil, M., Baothman, M., Alserhan, F., Almunyif, A., Alsharbe, G., Samaren, H., Deqnah, N., Al Malki, A., Al Harbi, W.
Tropical Biomedicine 2018; 3: 464-471

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Is Toxoplasma gondii playing a positive role in multiple sclerosis risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis

August 31, 2018
Saberi, R., Sharif, M., Sarvi, S., Aghayan, S. A., Hosseini, S. A., Anvari, D., Chegeni, T. N., Hosseininejad, Z., Daryani, A.
Journal of Neuroimmunology 2018;322: 57-62

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Immunoglobulin sub-class distribution in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: potential relationship with latent Toxoplasma Gondii infection

August 31, 2018
Bengoufa, H. D., Godin, O., Doukhan, R., Guen, E. L.,Daban-Huard, C. , Bennabi, M., Delavest, M., Lepine, J. P., Boukouaci, W., Laouamri,H., Houenou, J., Jamain, S., Richard, J. R. , Lecorvosier, P. , Yolken, R., Rajagopal, K., Leboyer, M., Tamouza, R.
Bmc Psychiatry 2018; 18

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Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection induces anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoantibodies and associated behavioral changes and neuropathology

February 12, 2018
Li, Y, Viscidi, R. P., Kannan, G., McFarland,R., Pletnikov, M. V., Severance,E. G., Yolken, R. H., Xiao, J. C.
Infection and Immunity 2018; 86: DOI: 10.1128/iai.00398-18

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Immunoglobulin sub-class distribution in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: potential relationship with latent Toxoplasma Gondii infection

February 12, 2018
Hamdani,N. ,Bengoufa, D. , Godin, O., Doukhan, R.., Le Guen,E., Daban-Huard, C. , Bennabi, M. ,Delavest, M., Lepine, J. P., Boukouaci, W. , Laouamri, H. , Houenou,J., Jamain, S., Richard,J. R. , Lecorvosier, P. , Yolken,R. , Rajagopal, K. , Leboyer, M. , Tamouza, R.
BMC Psychiatry,10.1186/s12888-018-1821-9, Article Number 239

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Seroepidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection among psychiatric patients in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran

October 3, 2017
Abdollahian, E., Shafiei, R., Mokhber, N., Kalantar, K., Fata, A.
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2017; 12: 117-122

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Toxoplasma gondii and schizophrenia: a review of published RCTs

October 2, 2017
Chorlton, S.D.
Parasitology Research 2017; 116: 1793-1799

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The association between Toxoplasma and the psychosis continuum in a general population setting

October 2, 2017
Lindgren, M., Torniainen-Holm, M., Yolken, R., Suvisaari, J.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2017; 43: S108-S109

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Background: An increased prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii has been found to be associated with psychosis. An association with positive symptom severity in a psychosis risk sample has also been reported. However, the possible association between toxoplasma and positive symptoms in the general population is unknown. Methods: We investigated whether Toxoplasma gondii is associated with psychosis diagnoses and psychotic symptoms in the general population. We used data from Health 2000, a large health survey of the Finnish population aged 30 and older (n = 5906). Levels of IgG antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were determined and seropositivity defined as a cutoff of 50 IU/ml. Lifetime psychotic symptoms were identified with section G of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Munich version (M-CIDI). The CIDI screen was considered positive if the interviewee reported any clinically relevant symptom or at least 3 symptoms regardless of clinical relevance. Lifetime psychotic disorders were screened from the sample and were diagnosed with DSM-IV using case notes and SCID-I interview. The possible diagnoses were: any psychotic disorder, functional psychosis, schizophrenia, other nonaffective psychosis, and affective psychosis. Results: The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma in the population was 13%; 12% of the participants reported at least one psychotic symptom, the most common symptoms being delusions of reference and suspicion, and 4% were considered positive for the CIDI screen. In a logistic regression model, toxoplasma seropositivity was the only significant predictor of the CIDI screen status, when other variables associated with toxoplasma were adjusted for (age, gender, education, region of residence, cat ownership, and C-reactive protein measuring inflammation). Toxoplasma infection was not associated with any psychosis diagnoses. Conclusion: In a large sample representing the whole Finnish population aged 30 and older, we found that toxoplasma infection predicted psychotic symptoms but not psychosis diagnoses. The association between psychotic symptoms and toxoplasma was not explained by inflammation.

Assessment of Toxoplasma seropositivity in children suffering from anxiety disorders

May 4, 2017
Afsharpaiman, S., Khosravi, M.H., Mahmoodinejad, M., Shirbazoo, S., Amirsalari, S., Torkaman, M., Radfar, S.
Iranian Journal of Child Neurology 2017; 11: 32-37

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Evidence of increased exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in individuals with recent onset psychosis but not with established schizophrenia

May 4, 2017
Yolken, R., Torrey, E.F., Dickerson, F.
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2017; 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006040

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Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis seroepidemiology in veterinary medical students and their relation with unique health

January 4, 2017
Clazer, M., Rodrigues, G. V., Ferreira, B. P. M., Zaniolo, M. M., Correa, N. A. B., Fortes, M. S., Navarro, I. T., Chiderolli, R. T., de Freitas, J. C., Goncalves, D. D.
Semina-Ciencias Agrarias, 2017, 38: 1347-1359

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Toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis, and brucellosis are global zoonoses, with humans as accidental participants in their transmission cycles. The can also be considered occupational diseases, because certain professionals are at greater risk of contact and infection by such zoonoses. These three diseases have different epidemiological characteristics because of the distinct environmental, social, cultural, and economic conditions where these pathogens circulate. Because of the importance of these diseases and their associations with specific occupations, we performed a seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma, Leptospira, and Brucella antibodies, with an analysis of the association between positive serum and certain occupational and environmental variables, in students of a veterinary medicine course (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th year) in a university in the northwestern region in the state of Parana, Brazil. From May to November 2014, blood samples were collected from 157 volunteers by professionals trained in nursing and biomedicine from the same university as the veterinary students. At the time of blood collection, the students did not present any clinical signs of the three diseases of interest. To detect anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leptospira spp., and anti-Brucella antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fast agglutination test (a screening test), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed. To determine variables associated with these infections, the students were interviewed to complete an epidemiological questionnaire with environmental, behavioral, and occupational information. The associations between these variables and infections were assess by chi-square or Fischer's exact tests, with a 5% significance level (a). Of the 157 serum samples analyzed, 29.29% reacted to Toxoplasma antigens, with titers ranging from 16 to 4096 by IIF, 1.27% to Leptospira antigens, with titers ranging from 100 to 800 by MAT using Hardjo and Wolffi serovars, and 0.63% to Brucella antigens by ELISA; however, no variables were found to be associated with infection with any of these pathogens. The results of this study show that one-third of the students in the veterinary medicine course were exposed to Toxoplasma gondii, Leptospira spp., and Brucella spp. at some stage in their lives; however, it is not possible to determine whether these infections were acquired at the university, because no associations between occupational risk variables and these infections were found. An understanding of the transmission of each etiological agent and methods to prevent infection is important to maintain low prevalence levels of these zoonotic diseases during the veterinary medicine course and extra-curricular internships, when there is increased exposure to these pathogens.

Effects of cumulative herpesviridae and Toxoplasma gondii infections on cognitive function in healthy, bipolar, and schizophrenia subjects

January 3, 2017
Hamdani, N., Daban-Huard, C.,. Godin, O., Laouamri, H., Jamain, S., Attiba, D., Delavest, M., Lepine, J. P., Le Corvoisier, P., Houenou, J., Richard, J. R., Yolken, R. H., Krishnamoorthy, R., Tamouza, R., Leboyer, M., Dickerson, F. B.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2017, 78: 18-27

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Infection and inflammation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

January 3, 2017
Tanaka, T., Matsuda, T., Hayes, L. N., Yang, S. J., Rodriguez, K., Severance, E. G., Yolken, R. H., Sawa, A., Eaton, W. W.
Neuroscience Research 2017; 115: 59-63

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Bipolar disorder with psychotic features and ocular toxoplasmosis

January 3, 2017
Del Grande, C., Contini, C., Schiavi, E., Rutigliano, G., Maritati, M., Seraceni, S., Pinto, B., Dell'Osso, L., Bruschi, F.
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2017; 205: 192-195

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and its as- sociated risk factors in neuropsychiatric patients in Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia

November 20, 2016
Zaki, W. M., Hofdi, R. Y., Shebiley, A. A., Saadi, Z. A.,Ageel, A. H.
J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 2016; 46: 467-474

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and its as- sociated risk factors in neuropsychiatric patients in Jazan province, Saudi Arabia

October 30, 2016
Zaki, W. M., Hofdi, R. Y., Shebiley, A. A., Saadi, Z. A., Ageel, A. H.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 2016; 240: 1-8

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Sero-prevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among patients with neuropsychiatric disorders: Epilepsy and depression

October 30, 2016
Abd El-Aal, N. F., Saber, M., Fawzy, N., Ashour, W. R.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 2016; 46: 729-736

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Temporal cognitive decline associated with exposure to infectious agents in a population-based, aging cohort

October 29, 2016
Nimgaonkar, V. L., Yolken, R. H., Wang, T. X., Chang, C. C. H., McClain, L., McDade, E., Snitz, B. E., Ganguli, M
Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 2016; 30: 216-222

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Infection and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in human induced neurons from patients with brain disorders and healthy controls

October 3, 2016
Passeri E, Jones-Brando, L Bordon, C Sengupta, S Wilson, AM Primerano, A Rapoport, JL Ishizuka, K Kano, S Yolken, RH Sawa, A
Microbes and Infection 2016; 18: 153-158

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Toxoplasma gondii-A gastrointestinal pathogen associated with human brain diseases

October 3, 2016
Severance, E. G., Xiao, J., Jones-Brando, L., Sabunciyan, S., Li, Y., Pletnikov, M., Prandovszky, E., Yolken, R.
In: Cryan JF, Clarke G, eds. Gut Microbiome and Behavior 2016: pp. 143-163. (International Review of Neurobiology).

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Serious psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression are important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. While these are primarily diseases involving altered brain functioning, numerous studies have documented increased rates of gastrointestinal inflammation and dysfunction in many individuals with these disorders. Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan protozoan intracellular parasite with a widespread distribution in both developed and developing countries. Toxoplasma organisms enter the ecosystem through the shedding of oocysts by Toxoplasma-infected felines. In almost all cases of postnatal human infection, Toxoplasma enters its hosts through the intestinal tract either by the ingestion of oocysts or by the consumption of meat from food animals which themselves were infected by Toxoplasma oocysts. It had previously been thought that most cases of Toxoplasma infection in immune competent children and adults were inapparent and asymptomatic. However, recent studies cast doubt on this concept as exposure to Toxoplasma has been associated with a range of acute and chronic symptoms. Of particular note has been the finding of an increased rate of a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with serological evidence of Toxoplasma exposure. A role of Toxoplasma infection in brain diseases is also supported by the consistent finding of altered cognition and behavior in animal models of infections. Much of the attention relating to the role of Toxoplasma infection in neuropsychiatric disorders has focused on the brain, where Toxoplasma tissue cysts can persist for extended periods of time. However, recent discoveries relating to the role of the gastrointestinal tract in cognition and behavior suggest that Toxoplasma may also increase susceptibility to human brain diseases through immune activation, particularly involving the gastrointestinal mucosa. The study of the pathways relating to the pathobiology and immunology of Toxoplasma infection may provide insights into the pathogenesis of a range of human neuropsychiatric disorders as well as into cognitive functioning in otherwise healthy individuals.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders in Alexandria, Egypt

October 3, 2016
Shehata AI, Hassanein FI, Abdul-Ghani R
Acta Tropica 2016; 154: 155-159

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders in Alexandria, Egypt

May 28, 2016
Shehata, A. I., Hassanein, F. I., Abdul-Ghani, R.
Acta Tropica 2016; 154: 155-159

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Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM among individuals who were referred to medical laboratories in Mazandaran province, northern Iran

May 25, 2016
Sharif, M., Daryani, A., Ebrahimnejad, Z., Gholami, S., Ahmadpour, E., Borhani, S., Lamsechi, N.
Journal of Infection and Public Health 2016; 9: 75-80

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Exposure to perinatal infections and bipolar disorder: A systematic review

May 24, 2016
Barichello, T., Badawy, M., Pitcher, M. R., Saigal, P., Generoso, J. S., Goularte, J. A., Simoes, L. R., Quevedo, J., Carvalho, A. F.
Curr Mol Med 2016; 16: 106-118

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Hepatitis C virus antibody titers associated with cognitive dysfunction in an asymptomatic community-based sample

May 24, 2016
Ibrahim, I., Salah, H., El Sayed, H., Mansour, H., Eissa, A., Wood, J., Fathi, W., Tobar, S., Gur, R. C., Gur, R. E., Dickerson, F., Yolken, R. H., El Bahaey, W., Nimgaonkar, V.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 2016; 38; : 861-868, 10.1080/13803395.2016.1168780

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients with non-schizophrenic neurodevelopmental disorders in Alexandria, Egypt

May 24, 2016
Shehata, A.I., Hassanein, F.I., Abdul-Ghani, R.
Acta Tropica 2016;154: 155-159

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

May 24, 2016
Mohamed, Z., Hajissa, K.
Tropical Biomedicine 2016; 33: 78-83

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Assessment of Toxoplasma sweropositivity in children suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

January 4, 2016
Afsharpaiman, S., Khosravi, M. H., Faridchehr, M., Komijani, M., Radfar, S., Amirsalari, S., Torkaman, M., Shirbazoo, S.
Galen Medical Journal 2016; 5: 188-193

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Association between latent toxoplasmosis and clinical course of schizophrenia – continuous course of the disease is characteristic for Toxoplasma gondii-infected patients

October 9, 2015
Celik, T., Kartalci, S., Aytas, O., Akarsu, G. A., Gozukara, H., Unal, S.
Folia Parasitologica 2015; 62

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in cancer patients: Prevalence, risk factors, genotypes and association with clinical diagnosis

October 9, 2015
Cong, W., Liu, G. H., Meng, Q. F., Dong, W., Qin, S. Y., Zhang, F. K., Zhang, X. Y., Wang, X. Y., Qian, A. D.,
Cancer Letters 2015; 359: 307-313

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