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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

pathophysiology

Relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and bipolar disorder in a French sample

October 11, 2013 86 Comments
Hamdani, N., Daban-Huard, C., Lajnef, M., Richard, J. R., Delavest, M., Godin, O., Le Guen, E., Vederine, F. E., Lepine, J. P., Jamain, S., Houenou, J., Le Corvoisier, P., Aoki, M., Moins-Teisserenc, H., Charron, D., Krishnamoorthy, R., Yolken, R., Dickerson, F., Tamouza, R., Leboyer, M.
Journal of Affective Disorders 2013; 148: 444-448
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Background: Prenatal exposure to viruses or parasites with tropism for the central nervous system is one of the risk factors for psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between past exposure to Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and incidence of bipolar disorders (BD) is poorly documented across populations. Methods: We explored the potential association between T. gondii exposure and BD in France, a country of high prevalence of Toxoplasmosis, comparing the prevalence of serological markers (IgG/IgM class antibodies) for T. gondii infection in 110 BD patients and 106 healthy controls all living in France. In a subgroup of 42 patients and 42 controls we also evaluated the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) transcripts, an adjunct marker of inflammation. Results: We found that the sero-positive group for IgG antibodies to T. gondii had a 2.7 fold odds of having BD as compared to the sero-negative group (OR = 2.17 CI 95% = 1.09-4.36, p = 0.028). Despite the fact that BD patients had significantly higher levels of IL-6 than the non-patient controls, no notable association between T. gondii status and IL-6 transcript levels was found. We did not find any clinical or demographic correlates of Toxoplasma exposure in the study population. Limitations: Our results are to be interpreted with caution because of our small sample size. Results: We confirm the association between seropositive status to T. gondii and bipolar disorders reported in other populations and extend it to French patients. Our data strengthen the importance of early detection of T. gondii infected patients in order to propose specific and adequate treatments.

Tagged: antibodies, bipolar disorder, Epidemiology, health, il-6, neuro-immunology, pathophysiology, pregnant women, prevalence, Schizophrenia, seropositivity, Toxoplasma gondii

Mental health

Meta-analysis of three case controlled studies and an ecological study into the link between cryptogenic epilepsy and chronic toxoplasmosis

October 29, 2007
Palmer, B. S.
Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy 2007;16: 657-663
Click for abstract
A meta-analysis was performed on three case controlled studies which examined the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis gondii infection in the immunocompetent host and cryptogenic epilepsy. Further comparison was also made by examining the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis rates for 17 various countries, cities or regions against the prevalence rates for epilepsy in those regions. Results: The results for the meta-analysis showed a Log-odds ratio of 4.8 which approximates to a similar relative risk, (Cl 2.6 to 7.8), with Cl for all three studies being above 1. Seroprevalence rates for toxoplasmosis and prevalence rates of epilepsy showed a strong association (p < 0.001). Discussion: The prevalence of toxoplasmosis is an important factor in the prevalence of epilepsy with a probable link in the cryptogenic epilepsies. An area with a reduced burden of toxoplasmosis will also have a reduced burden of epilepsy. Neuropathophysiology findings from various studies show a common physical relationship of microglial nodule formation in Toxoplasma gondii infection and epilepsy. This analysis raises the possibility that one of the many causes of epilepsy may be an infectious agent, or that cryptogenic epilepsy may be a consequence of Latent toxoplasmosis infection. This raises the possibility that public health measures to reduce toxoplasmosis infection may also result in a reduction in epilepsy.

Tagged: brazil, ecological study, encephalitis, Epidemiology, epilepsy, gondii, microglial nodule, microglial nodules, pathophysiology, population, pregnant women, prevalence, seroprevalence, Sweden, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis

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