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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

herpes virus

Temporal cognitive decline associated with exposure to infectious agents in a population-based, aging cohort

October 29, 2016
Nimgaonkar, V. L., Yolken, R. H., Wang, T. X., Chang, C. C. H., McClain, L., McDade, E., Snitz, B. E., Ganguli, M
Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders 2016; 30: 216-222
Click for abstract
Background:Numerous cross-sectional studies have related exposure to neurotropic infectious agents with cognitive dysfunction in older adults, however, the temporal sequence is uncertain.Methods:In a representative, well-characterized, population-based aging cohort, we determined whether the temporal trajectories of multiple cognitive domains are associated with exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes Simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2), or Toxoplasma gondii (TOX). Complex attention, executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial function were assessed annually for 5 years among consenting individuals. Study entry IgG antibody titers indexing exposure to each infectious agent were examined in relation to slopes of subsequent temporal cognitive decline using multiple linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders.Results:The IgG levels for HSV-2 were significantly associated with baseline cognitive domain scores (N=1022 participants). Further, the IgG levels for HSV-2, TOX, and CMV, but not HSV-1 were significantly associated with greater temporal cognitive decline that varied by type of infection.Conclusions:Exposure to CMV, HSV-2, or TOX is associated with cognitive deterioration in older individuals, independent of general age-related variables. An increased understanding of the role of infectious agents in cognitive decline may lead to new methods for its prevention and treatment.

Tagged: aging, antibodies, bipolar disorder, CMV, cognition, community, cytomegalovirus, disease, Epidemiology, herpes virus, impairment, persistent infection, Schizophrenia, simplex-virus type-1, Toxoplasma gondii, viral-infections

Cognitive functions

Temporal cognitive decline associated with exposure to infectious agents in a population-based, aging cohort

May 24, 2016
Nimgaonkar, V.L., Yolken, R.H., Wang, T.X., Chang, C-C.H., McClain, L., McDade, E., Snitz, B.E., Ganguli, M.
Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Dis. 2016; 30: 216-222
Click for abstract
Background:Numerous cross-sectional studies have related exposure to neurotropic infectious agents with cognitive dysfunction in older adults, however, the temporal sequence is uncertain.Methods:In a representative, well-characterized, population-based aging cohort, we determined whether the temporal trajectories of multiple cognitive domains are associated with exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1), Herpes Simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2), or Toxoplasma gondii (TOX). Complex attention, executive functions, memory, language, and visuospatial function were assessed annually for 5 years among consenting individuals. Study entry IgG antibody titers indexing exposure to each infectious agent were examined in relation to slopes of subsequent temporal cognitive decline using multiple linear regressions adjusted for potential confounders.Results:The IgG levels for HSV-2 were significantly associated with baseline cognitive domain scores (N=1022 participants). Further, the IgG levels for HSV-2, TOX, and CMV, but not HSV-1 were significantly associated with greater temporal cognitive decline that varied by type of infection.Conclusions:Exposure to CMV, HSV-2, or TOX is associated with cognitive deterioration in older individuals, independent of general age-related variables. An increased understanding of the role of infectious agents in cognitive decline may lead to new methods for its prevention and treatment.

Tagged: aging, CMV, cognition, community, Epidemiology, herpes virus, Toxoplasma gondii

Cognitive functions

Neurotropic infectious agents and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

October 12, 2012
Nimgaonkar, V.L., Yolken, R.H.
Schizophrenia Bulletin 2012; 38: 1135-1136
Click for abstract
The links between infectious agents and risk for schizophrenia have been widely debated, but few investigations have focused on "epidiagnostic" effects, eg, whether exposures to infectious agents alter key clinical aspects of the disorder, such as cognitive impairment. The present theme issue evaluates epidiagnostic cognitive effects of two common infectious agents, namely Herpes Simplex Virus, type 1 and Toxoplasma gondii.

Tagged: cognition, herpes virus, Schizophrenia, Toxoplasma gondii

Cognitive functionsMental health

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Recent articles

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