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Toxoplasma gondii & Human Phenotype

Compendium of Known Effects and Ongoing Research

diabetes

Toxoplasma gondii as a possible causative pathogen of type-1 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from case-control and experimental studies

September 3, 2018
Beshay, E. V. N., El-Refai, S. A., Helwa, M. A., Atia, A. F., Dawoud, M. M.
Experimental Parasitology 2018; 188: 93-101
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Toxoplasma gondii is the causative parasite of an important worldwide disease. This obligate intracellular parasite can infect and replicate inside any nucleated cells including those of pancreas. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas and is responsible for controlling blood glucose concentration. Deficiency of insulin production accounts for the occurrence of type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Thus, theoretically, toxoplasmosis could play a possible role in the development of T1D. However, the studies on this theory are still insufficient; therefore, this work was designed. Interestingly, in the case-control study, seropositivity of anti-Toxoplasma IgG was significantly higher among T1D (86.37%) in comparison with T2D (66.67%) and the control group (60%). Moreover, the odd ratio of chronic toxoplasmosis was 4.2 folds higher among T1D patients than among controls. The experimental study included acute and chronic Me49 T gondii infected mice groups in addition to a control group. Pathological examination revealed the presence of T gondii zoites adjacent to the islets of Langerhans and in pancreatic parenchyma of acutely infected mice. With chronic infection, there was a significant reduction of islets number and sizes in association with grade-1 insulitis. Additionally, the immunohistochemical study showed significant infiltration of the islets of chronically infected mice by CD8(+) and CD45(+) immune cells. In contrary to the control group, the islets of the chronic group showed significantly higher expression of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and a significantly lower expression of the proliferation marker Ki69. Finally, a significant reduction of insulin expression in the islets of chronic infection group was detected in association with a significant increase in serum glucose concentrations; however, the establishment of diabetes did not occur throughout this work. Thus, this study presents an evidence for the probable role of chronic toxoplasmosis in the development of T1D which should be considered in further studies

Tagged: age, antibodies, apoptosis, beta-cell apoptosis, diabetes, france, history, infection, insulin, onset, pancreas, prevalence, risk factors, t. gondii

Physical health

Serologic detection of anti Toxoplasma gondii infection in diabetic patients

October 10, 2013 Leave a Comment
Shirbazou, S., Delpisheh, A., Mokhetari, R., Tavakoli, G.
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2013; 15: 701-703
Click for abstract
Background: Toxoplasmosis is caused by the Toxoplasmagondii parasite. The parasite is intracellular and can result in severe complications leading to death in immuno-deficient patients in particular. Diabetes is an important factor that increases susceptibility and risk of various infections in the host. Objectives: The present study focused on the serologic detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Through a case-control study, overall 184 serum samples including 91 from diabetic cases and 93 from healthy non-diabetic controls were investigated. Cases and controls were matched for age and gender. Serum samples were tested for sugar by an enzymatic method, and IgG antibodies were tested against Toxoplasma gondii by ELISA method. Results: The prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in diabetic patients and healthy controls were 60.43% and 38% respectively. Risk of toxoplasmosis infection in diabetic patients with was two folds higher than healthy controls (RR = 2.21, 95% CI; 1.6 - 3.7, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Diabetes may be caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Presence of T. gondii in the pancreas at the same time could directly undermines the pancreas cells. When beta cells are destroyed, insulin secretion would then be affected. Probably the destruction of T. gondii affects nervous system and damages pancreatic cells leading to increased risk of diabetes.

Tagged: cells, congenital toxoplasmosis, diabetes, effector, infection, prevalence, serum, Toxoplasma gondii

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